Place Identity and Sport Tourism: The Case of the Heritage Classic Ice Hockey Event
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Sport is an important factor in the construction of place identity. This is particularly evident in the case of nostalgia based sport events that have been consciously developed in an attempt to influence destination image. It is unclear, however, just how much influence attraction planners have on identity in the face of varying media interpretations. This paper examines the way that place identity was constructed by local, national, and international media sources in the case of the Heritage Classic – an outdoor professional hockey game played in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada on 22 November 2003. Findings show that local, national and international media all bought into the nostalgia theme. Local media saw the game as epitomising the ‘good old days’ of prairie hockey. The national press was more critical and tended to either expropriate the event as a national one or to dismiss the event as being peripheral. Internationally, the event was seen as uniquely Canadian and compared to a Norman Rockwell painting in terms of its nostalgic effect. Interestingly, while the event was often seen as reflecting the authentic roots of the sport, it was presented and interpreted in a way that was neither place nor time specific.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.024 | 0.014 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".