EPR study of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Er</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>crystal-field and<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow><mml:mn>165</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ho</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">E</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">r</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>interactions in single crystals of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ho</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Y</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mi>−</mml:mi><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">VO</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>4</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.02</mml:mn><mml:mn/><mml:mo>–</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>.</mml:mo><mml:mn>0</mml:mn><mml:mn>0</mml:mn><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:math>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Liquid-helium temperature electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra of the ${\mathrm{Er}}^{3+}$ ion in single crystals of ${\mathrm{Ho}}_{x}{\mathrm{Y}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{VO}}_{4}$ $(x=0.02--1.0)$ are exploited to reveal the influence of the crystal-field and ${\mathrm{Er}}^{3+}{\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{H}\mathrm{o}}^{3+}$ interactions. The ${\mathrm{Er}}^{3+}$ g value at 4 K in the lightly doped samples $(x<0.3)$ was here successfully accounted for by the estimated crystal-field parameters ${(\mathrm{c}\mathrm{m}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$): ${B}_{2}^{0}=\ensuremath{-}108.0,$ ${B}_{4}^{0}=40.0,$ ${B}_{6}^{0}=\ensuremath{-}40.0,$ ${B}_{4}^{4}=\ensuremath{-}949.0,$ ${B}_{6}^{4}=26.0,$ while that in the concentrated paramagnetic samples $(x=0.9,$ 1.0) by the parameters ${(\mathrm{c}\mathrm{m}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$): ${B}_{2}^{0}=\ensuremath{-}114.8,$ ${B}_{4}^{0}=46.9,$ ${B}_{6}^{0}=\ensuremath{-}43.8,$ ${B}_{4}^{4}=\ensuremath{-}971.4,$ ${B}_{6}^{4}=91.9.$ The shift of the ${\mathrm{Er}}^{3+}$ g value in the paramagnetic ${\mathrm{Ho}}_{x}{\mathrm{Y}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{VO}}_{4}$ crystals $(x=0.9,$ 1.0) from that in the diamagnetic ${\mathrm{YVO}}_{4}$ crystal has been analyzed to estimate the value of the parameter \ensuremath{\gamma} (=-2.2 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$) describing the diagonal element of the symmetric tensor representing ${\mathrm{Ho}}^{3+}{\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{E}\mathrm{r}}^{3+}$ interactions. The unresolved EPR linewidth of the ${\mathrm{Er}}^{3+}$ ion is accounted for by the indirect superhyperfine interaction ${(A}_{\ensuremath{\parallel}})$ of the ${\mathrm{Er}}^{3+}$ ion with the surrounding ${}^{165}\mathrm{Ho}$ nuclei, estimating ${A}_{\ensuremath{\parallel}}=0.0026{\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}.$ In addition, the absolute value of the parameter \ensuremath{\varepsilon}, an off-diagonal element of the antisymmetric tensor describing ${\mathrm{Ho}}^{3+}{\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{E}\mathrm{r}}^{3+}$ interactions, has been estimated to be $|\ensuremath{\varepsilon}|=0.029{\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}.$
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.316 | 0.086 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".