HTLV-1 bZIP factor suppresses c-Fos transcription and impairs T cell activation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
c-Fos forms AP-1 heterodimer with JUN family proteins such as c-Jun and functions as a transcription factor to regulate diverse biological processes including T cell activation. Although an HTLV-1-encoded oncoprotein Tax induces the expression of c-fos, its expression is significantly down-regulated in fresh ATL cells compared with CD4+ T cells of healthy donors. In this study, we found that HTLV-1 bZIP factor (HBZ) is responsible for the suppressed c-fos transcription in ATL cells. The results of reporter assay implied the roles of LXXLL motif of HBZ on the suppression of c-fos. HBZ has been reported to suppress AP-1 and NFAT signaling pathways through the direct interaction with c-Jun and NFATc2, respectively. We found c-Fos overexpression impairs the suppressive effects of HBZ on AP-1 and NFAT, suggesting that HBZ overcomes the inhibitory effects of c-Fos by suppressing its transcription. HBZ is known to bind to c-Jun instead of c-Fos. Suppressed transcription of c-fos facilitates HBZ to interact with c-Jun, and enhances suppressive effect of HBZ on AP-1 pathway. AP-1 and NFAT signaling pathways are activated by T-cell receptor (TCR) stimulation, leading to T cell activation. We found that TCR stimulation induces the c-fos up-regulation and the expression of the activation marker CD69 on CD4+ T cells of wild type mice, but not of HBZ transgenic mice, indicating that the activation of the signaling pathways initiated from TCR are suppressed by HBZ. We hypothesize that c-fos suppression by HBZ may contribute to impaired activation of T cells and pathogenesis of HTLV-1 infection.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".