Sulphur dioxide effects on cell structure and photosynthetic performance in the liverwort <i>Frullania dilatata</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The effects of SO2 exposure, carried out in controlled-environment cuvettes, on the photosynthetic performance of the liverwort Frullania dilatata (L.) Dum. were investigated by means of chorophyll a fluorescence induction kinetics and gas-exchange measurements. Additionally, visible-injury symptoms developing in leaves as a result of exposure to the pollutant were quantified and described. The adverse effects of SO2 on photosynthesis could be seen as (i) a decreased electron flow through photosystem II (PSII), (ii) an increased degree of closure of PSII centres, (iii) a lowered capacity for dissipative processes, and (iv) reduced net CO2 assimilation rates. Additionally, SO2 induced severe cell injury that ranged from cells without oil bodies to cells with collapsed plasma membrane and disorganized organelles. The distribution pattern of injuries in the shoots ofF. dilatata suggests that SO2-induced damage is related to the degree of direct exposure to the pollutant. It is possible that, because this liverwort grows in dense patches with overlapping branches, some protection is conferred to basal leaves.Key words: Frullania dilatata, chlorophyll fluorescence, sulphur dioxide, fumigation, cellular injury.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".