Reflectance-Mode Confocal Microscopy for the Diagnosis of Sebaceous Hyperplasia In vivo
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A 54-YEAR-OLD MAN WAS SEEN WITH AN ENlarging papule with central depression and telangiectasias on his left cheek. A clinical diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma was made with a differential diagnosis of sebaceous hyperplasia. We investigated the use of confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM) to help discriminate between these diagnoses. Imaging revealed an enlarged sebaceous lobule consisting of cuboidal cells with centrally located nuclei and a dilated sebaceous duct (Figure 1). A diagnosis of sebaceous hyperplasia was made in vivo by CSLM. Excellent confocal-histopathologic correlation was obtained confirming sebaceous hyperplasia. Two other patients with similar lesions were examined with CSLM: a 52-year-old woman with a lesion on the glabella that had an enlarged sebaceous lobule (Figure 2) and a 48-year-old man with a lesion on his left cheek that had a dilated sebaceous duct with a keratin plug (Figure 3). In these cases, CSLM provided high-resolution images of the sebaceous gland, sebocytes, and sebaceous ducts, facilitating the discrimination of sebaceous hyperplasia from basal cell carcinoma in vivo.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".