Phorbol Esters Degradation and Enzyme Production by Bacillus using Jatropha Seed Cake as Substrate
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The purposes of this research were to evaluate phorbol esters (PEs) degradation rate and enzyme production yield using submerged fermentation (SMF) as screening method and further using solid-state fermentation (SSF) as pilot scale-up study. SMF was carried out with 20 g seed cake in 100 ml minimal salt medium for 7 days incubation, while SSF was done with 20 g seed cake at 50% moisture content for 9 days incubation. Bacillus strains grew well on J. curcas seed cake with 10 8 -10 11 CFU/ ml in SMF for 3 days incubation, while they were 10 8 -10 10 CFU/ g in SSF. PEs reduced 76.5%, 77.1%, 78.4%, 85.5%, and 92.0% in SMF with B. smithii G16, B. sonorensis D12, B. licheniformis A3, B. subtilis H8 and B. coagulans C45 for 3 days incubation, respectively, and PEs completed degraded by these five strains for 7 days incubation. Maximum amylase, cellulase, lipase, pectinase, protease and xylanase productions in SMF were observed in B. sonorensis D12 (5.49 0.49 U/ ml; day 7), B. subtilis H8 (17.03 4.90 U/ ml; day 2), B. licheniformis A3 (59.03 0.26 U/ ml; day 7), B. sonorensis D12 (1.70 0.04 U/ ml; day 3), B. coagulans C45 (15.95 0.35 U/ ml; day 7) and B. smithii G16 (1.40 0.01 U/ ml; day 3), respectively. For SSF, PEs were reduced 86.0%, 83.2%, and 93.0% with B. sonorensis D12, B. subtilis H8 and B. smithii G16 for 3 days incubation, respectively. Maximum amylase, cellulase, lipase, pectinase, protease and xylanase productions in SSF were observed in B. smithii G16 (16.08 0.36 U/ g; day 4), B. sonorensis D12 (2.94 0.06 U/ g; day 2), B. smithii G16 (3.87 0.64 U/ g; day 4), B. sonorensis D12 (8.13 1.06 U/ g; day 2), B. smithii G16 (14.13 0.30 U/ g; day 4) and J. curcas seed cake could be detoxified by Bacillus and the high-protein seed cake could be potentially used for enzyme production in industry.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".