Response of Four Market Classes of Dry Beans to Halosulfuron Applied Postemergence at Five Application Timings
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Six field trials were conducted over a three-year period (2011, 2012, 2013) at the Huron Research Station, Exeter, Ontario and University of Guelph Ridgetown Campus, Ridgetown, Ontario to determine the effect of five postemergence (POST) application timings (1 - 2 trifoliate, 3 - 4 trifoliate, 5 - 6 trifoliate, 1st flower and 1st pod stage) of halosulfuron (35 and 70 g·ai·ha-1) on the tolerance of adzuki, black, white and kidney beans. All treatments including the non-treated control were maintained weed free during the growing season. Halosulfuron applied POST in black, white and kidney bean caused as much as 8%, 8%, 7%, 4% and 2% injury 1 WAA and 4%, 4%, 2%, 2% and 1% injury 2 WAA at 1 - 2 trifoliate, 3 - 4 trifoliate, 5 - 6 trifoliate, 1st flower and 1st pod stage application timings, respectively. The injury observed was transient with 1% or less injury 4 WAA and there was no adverse effect on the shoot dry weight, plant height, seed moisture content and yield of black, white and kidney bean. Injury was substantially higher in adzuki bean at all application timings. Halosulfuron applied POST caused as much as 66%, 47%, 50%, 39% and 36% injury 1 WAA; 77%, 68%, 64%, 51% and 42% 2 WAA; and 69%, 51%, 47%, 40% and 29% 4 WAA at 1 - 2 trifoliate, 3 - 4 trifoliate, 5 - 6 trifoliate, 1st flower and 1st pod stage application timings, respectively. Halosulfuron POST decreased shoot dry weight as much as 69%, 57%, 43%, 41% and 34%; plant height as much as 17%, 15%, 14%, 13% and 10%; and seed yield as much as 47%, 46%, 45%, 56% and 55% at 1 - 2 trifoliate, 3 - 4 trifoliate, 5 - 6 trifoliate, 1st flower and 1st pod stages, respectively. Based on these results, there is an adequate margin of crop safety for halosulfuron POST in black, white and kidney beans. However, there is not an adequate margin of crop safety for halosulfuron POST in adzuki bean at the application timings evaluated.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it