Color improvment of C<sub>9</sub>hydrocarbon resin by hydrogenation over 2% Pd/γ‐alumina catalyst: Effect of degree of aromatic rings hydrogenation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Color improvement of commercial C 9 hydrocarbon resin (c‐C 9 HR) and prepared C 9 hydrocarbon resin (p‐C 9 HR) has been investigated under various hydrogenation conditions over 2% Pd/γ‐alumina catalysts. The degrees of aromatic rings hydrogenation (DHs) and molecular structure of resin were determined from nuclear magnetic resonance of 1 H and 13 C ( 1 H‐NMR and 13 C‐NMR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses. The starting c‐C 9 HR presented in yellow color (Gardner color No. 8.4). Under the hydrogenation conditions used (H 2 pressure 70 bar, 250°C, and 8 h), the ethylenic proton in c‐C 9 HR was completely removed, but the aromatic rings content remained unaltered and very little change in resin color was observed (Gardner color No.8.1). On the other hand, the starting p‐C 9 HR contained only unsaturated aromatic proton with Gardner color No.17.1. Under similar conditions, aromatic rings in p‐C 9 HR were converted to alicyclic rings, and its color was reduced to Gardner color No.5.7. By varying the DH of aromatics in p‐C 9 HR, two‐step decolorization was observed in which at lower DH (≤10%) the color decreased sharply from 17.1 to 9.3, while further color reduction to 5.7 was obtained when the DH was increased to 94%. It is suggested that both color body and aromatic rings were the main sources contributing to C 9 HR color. Nevertheless, color stability of the resin during heat treatment was significantly improved by hydrogenation especially at DH ≥ 50%. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".