Color improvment of C<sub>9</sub>hydrocarbon resin by hydrogenation over 2% Pd/γ‐alumina catalyst: Effect of degree of aromatic rings hydrogenation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Color improvement of commercial C9hydrocarbon resin (c‐C9HR) and prepared C9hydrocarbon resin (p‐C9HR) has been investigated under various hydrogenation conditions over 2% Pd/γ‐alumina catalysts. The degrees of aromatic rings hydrogenation (DHs) and molecular structure of resin were determined from nuclear magnetic resonance of1H and13C (1H‐NMR and13C‐NMR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses. The starting c‐C9HR presented in yellow color (Gardner color No. 8.4). Under the hydrogenation conditions used (H2pressure 70 bar, 250°C, and 8 h), the ethylenic proton in c‐C9HR was completely removed, but the aromatic rings content remained unaltered and very little change in resin color was observed (Gardner color No.8.1). On the other hand, the starting p‐C9HR contained only unsaturated aromatic proton with Gardner color No.17.1. Under similar conditions, aromatic rings in p‐C9HR were converted to alicyclic rings, and its color was reduced to Gardner color No.5.7. By varying the DH of aromatics in p‐C9HR, two‐step decolorization was observed in which at lower DH (≤10%) the color decreased sharply from 17.1 to 9.3, while further color reduction to 5.7 was obtained when the DH was increased to 94%. It is suggested that both color body and aromatic rings were the main sources contributing to C9HR color. Nevertheless, color stability of the resin during heat treatment was significantly improved by hydrogenation especially at DH ≥ 50%. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".