Role of TNF receptors, TNFR1 and TNFR2, in dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: In this study we determined the consequence of the absence of each TNF receptor, TNFR1 or TNFR2, in the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) model of colitis. METHODS: Wildtype (WT), TNFR1(-/-) and TNFR2(-/-) mice were fed 3% w/v DSS in drinking water for 5 days followed by 2 (day 7) or 7 (day 12) days of tap water. RESULTS: The colons from untreated TNFR1(-/-) and TNFR2(-/-) mice were histologically normal. Following DSS, all strains became inflamed. TNFR1(-/-) mice had a more severe clinical score at days 8 and 9 compared to WT and TNFR2(-/-) mice despite similar histopathological damage in their colons. The more severe clinical score was associated with a reduced macrophage infiltration into the colonic mucosa. TNFR2(-/-) mice showed increased indicators of disease including increased colon weight, a shrunken cecum, and an increased number of ulcers compared to TNFR1(-/-) and WT strains at day 7. Mucosal levels of TNFR2 were elevated in colitic mice compared to uninflamed controls, with no difference between strains on day 7 but on day 12, unlike WT mice, levels were reduced in TNFR1(-/-) mice. There was no difference in the number of TUNEL-positive apoptotic colonic epithelial cells between strains, nor in total cleaved caspase 3 levels between strains, measured by Western blot of colon homogenates. CONCLUSIONS: While deficiency of either receptor contributes to some measures of DSS colitis, the histopathological scores are similar, indicating that TNF receptors either do not play a major role or are redundant in the pathology associated with DSS colitis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".