Adsorption Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Vanadyl Etioporphyrin on Asphaltene in Pentane
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The interaction between vanadyl porphyrins and asphaltene in alkane solvents is important to increase the removal rate of metals during the solvent deasphalting process. Thus, the adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics of vanadyl etioporphyrins on a Canadian oil sands bitumen vacuum tower bottom (VTB) asphaltene in n -pentane were investigated. After adsorption, asphaltene was analyzed via transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). A certain amount of vanadyl porphyrins was adsorbed by the VTB asphaltene. This adsorption process was affected by the asphaltene dosage (0.01 and 0.02 g), the concentration of the n -pentane solution containing vanadyl porphyrins (10 and 15 μg/mL), and the temperature (288, 293, and 298 K). The adsorption rate was initially distinctly high. However, this rate became much slower after around 300 min, until equilibrium was reached after 1800 min. A comparison of four kinetic models of the overall adsorption rate showed that the adsorption process can be well-described by a pseudo-first-order equation. Furthermore, the adsorption equilibrium fit the Freundlich isotherm. The Δ G ° and Δ H ° values of the adsorption process between vanadyl porphyrins and asphaltenes had been regressed at different temperatures. The absolute value of Δ G ° was less than 20 kJ/mol, whereas that of Δ H ° was greater than 40 kJ/mol.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".