PACAP mRNA is expressed in rat spinal cord neurons
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study examines the expression of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) mRNA in the rat spinal cord during normal conditions and in response to sciatic nerve transection. Previously, PACAP immunoreactivity has been found in fibers in the spinal cord dorsal horn and around the central canal and in neurons in the intermediolateral column (IML). Furthermore, in the dorsal root ganglia, PACAP immunoreactivity and PACAP mRNA expression have been observed preferentially in nerve cell bodies of smaller diameter terminating in the superficial laminae of the dorsal horn. However, neuronal expression of PACAP mRNA in adult rat spinal cord appeared limited to neurons of the IML. By using a refined in situ hybridization protocol, we now detect PACAP mRNA expression in neurons primarily in laminae I and II, but also in deeper laminae of the spinal cord dorsal horn and around the central canal. In addition, PACAP mRNA expression is observed in a few neurons in the ventral horn. PACAP expression in the ventral horn is increased in a population of large neurons, most likely motor neurons, both after distal and proximal sciatic nerve transection. The proposed role of PACAP in nociception is strengthened by our findings of PACAP mRNA-expressing neurons in the superficial laminae of the dorsal horn. Furthermore, increased expression of PACAP in ventral horn neurons, in response to nerve transection, suggests a role for PACAP in repair/regeneration of motor neurons.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".