Bacillus subtilis LBF02 as Biocontrol Agent Against Leaf Spot Diseases Caused by Cercospora lactucae-sativae in Lettuce
Bibliographic record
Abstract
More than 51 isolates of bacteria were obtained from leaves, crushed leaves and rhizosphere of lettuce plants. The bacteria isolates were purified and assayed against Cercospora lactucae-sativae on PDA plate by dual culture technique. Four isolates showed zone of inhibition against the pathogens. The antagonistic bacteria isolate LBF02 showed the highest percentage of growth inhibits against C. lactucae-sativae leaf spots with 80.82% inhibition, compared with the control. Based on morphological and biochemical tests, isolate LBF02 was identified as belonging to the Bacillus subtilis group. The LBF02 isolate was chosen for the formulation development. The formulation contained 40 ml of cell suspension, 89 g of rice flour, 1 ml of vegetable oil and 10 g of sucrose. The biocontrol of leaf spot diseases was tested by using a formulation applied in greenhouse experiments. The result showed that spraying 1 hour before or after the pathogen inoculation on lettuce plants was more effective in suppressing leaf spot disease than simply pathogen inoculation alone. Moreover, the antagonistic bacteria in formulation have the ability to survive for more than 6 months under storage at room temperature and survive for up to 15 days on lettuce leaves.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".