Right and Left Wings in Libertarianism/LA DROITE ET LA GAUCHE DANS LE LIBERALISME
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract: In Political Science one can observe various discourses to defining the essence of libertarianism, which are based (Boaz, 1998) different philosophical approaches to the institutions of central political power (especially the state). Today, interpretations of right-libertarian ideological complex are most popular in the scientific literature and in the popular imagination. Yet, since the middle of 19th century - the concept of had been used in a left political context, and only in 1950s its right ideological context use came into fashion. The authors consider the left (libertarian socialism) as series of theoretical principles and the socio-political practices aimed at the liberation of both individuals and collectives of people from various kinds of oppression and exploitation. Besides, they propose to adopt the approach which treats anarchism and as rather related, though not identical ideological and socio-political phenomena. Keywords: left and right libertarianism; anarchism Resume: En science politique, peut observer de differents discours pour definir l'essence du liberalisme, fondes sur les approches philosophiques differentes a l'egard des institutions du pouvoir politique central (en particulier l'Etat). Aujourd'hui, les interpretations de complexe ideologique liberal de droite sont les plus repandues dans la litterature scientifique et dans l'imagination populaire. Pourtant, depuis le milieu du 196^ siecle - le concept de libertarianisme avait ete utilise dans un contexte politique de gauche, et seulement aux annees 50, l'utilisation de ce concept dans un contexte ideologique de droite est devenue une mode. Les auteurs considerent le liberalisme de gauche ( le socialisme libertaire) en tant qu'une serie de principes theoriques et des pratiques socio-politiquse visant la liberation des individus et des collectivites de diverses sortes d'oppression et d'exploitation. D'ailleurs, ils proposent d'adopter l'approche qui traite l'anarchisme et liberalisme plutot d'une facon liee, meme s'ils sont des phenomenes ideologiques et socio-politiques non identiques. Mots-cles : liberalisme de gauche et de droite; anarchisme 1. INTRODUCTION What is the essence of the concept of libertarianism? As David Boaz of the Cato Institute states, libertarianism is the view that each person has the right to live his life in any way he chooses so long as he respects the equal rights of others . . . Libertarians defend each person's rights to life, liberty, and property - rights that people possess naturally, before governments are created. In the libertarian view, all human relationships should be voluntary; the only actions that should be forbidden by law are those that involved the initiation of forces against those who have not themselves used force - actions like murder, rape, robbery, kidnapping, and fraud. (Boaz, 1998) In Libertarianism: A Primer, Boaz attempts to trace the ideas of to the Ancient World and where they were further developed during the Enlightenment. (Boaz, 1998) 2. WICH TREND IS ELDER? Today, interpretations of right-libertarian ideological complex are most popular in the political and historical literature and in the popular imagination. This interpretation is intensified by the fact that according to Alyson Edgley, the left-libertarian (socialist libertarian) message is that on the contemporary American left-right spectrum libertarian is neither left nor right. Libertarian believes in individual freedom and limited government consistently, unlike either contemporary liberal or contemporary conservatives. Some journalists say that libertarians are conservative economic issues and liberal social issues, but it would make more sense to say that contemporary liberals are libertarian (some) social issues but statists economic issues, (Edgley, 2000) whereas contemporary conservatives are libertarian some economic issues but statists social issues. …
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.012 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".