Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract This paper presents a theoretical framework describing the thermodynamics and phase transformations of a three phase component system consisting of ice particles, liquid droplets and water vapour. The instant rates of change of water ( q̇ w ), ice ( q̇ i ) and vapour ( q̇ v ) mixing ratios are described based on the quasi‐steady approximation. The local thermodynamic conditions required for the equilibrium of liquid ( q̇ w = 0), ice ( q̇ i = 0) and vapour ( q̇ v = 0) phases are analysed. It is shown that there are four different regimes of the partitioning of water between liquid, ice, and gaseous phases in mixed clouds. The Wegener–Bergeron–Findeisen (WBF) process is identified as being relevant to two of those regimes. The efficiency of the WBF process in characterizing the capability of ice crystals to deplete the water evaporated from liquid droplets is introduced here. It is shown that the WBF process has maximum efficiency at approximately zero vertical velocity. The analysis of the dependences of q̇ w , q̇ i and q̇ v on the vertical velocity, temperature, pressure and the integral radii of the cloud particles is presented. It is shown that the maximum rates of ice growth and droplet evaporation do not necessarily occur at T = − 12 °C where the maximum difference between saturation vapour pressure over ice and that over liquid is observed. Copyright © 2008 Crown in the right of Canada. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".