Slow Darkening in Pinto Bean (<i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i> L.) Seed Coats Is Controlled by a Single Major Gene
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Postharvest seed coat darkening is a significant problem in pinto beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), resulting in product that is undesirable to consumers and that is discounted in the marketplace. There is a range in the rate and extent of darkening among pinto germplasm and recently, slow‐darkening (SD) lines have been identified. Line 1533‐15, an SD line from the University of Saskatchewan, was crossed to CDC Pintium, a regular darkening pinto, and seed of F1 and F2 individuals and F5:6 recombinant inbred lines were assessed for their darkening phenotype. Segregation data indicated that there is a single, recessive gene that controls the SD phenotype. All F2 individuals from a cross between 1533‐15 and Pinto Saltillo, another SD line, were slow‐darkening suggesting that the phenotype is controlled by the same gene in both lines. The simple genetics of this trait should facilitate the introduction of this trait into breeding programs, thereby increasing the quality of pinto beans being developed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".