Coordinated functions of Akt/PKB and ETS1 in tubule formation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We investigated the inter-relationship between two downstream effectors of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), the serine threonine kinase Akt (also known as protein kinase B) and the transcription factor ETS1, during tubulogenesis. Human endothelial cell culture and the in vivo Drosophila tracheal systems are employed in comparative analysis. We show that VEGF stimulates the expression of ETS1 through a phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt-dependent pathway in primary endothelial cells. Activation of Akt results in vessel formation in vitro, a process that is blocked by expression of antisense ETS1. The functional relationship between ETS and Akt was then tested in the homologous tubular system in Drosophila. Contrary to expectation, ETS1 and Akt did not form a linear positive regulatory pathway in vivo. Instead, genetic analyses suggest that the Drosophila ETS1 homologue Pointed is required for cell motility per se while Drosophila Akt (Dakt1) is responsible for organized and restricted cell movement that is essential for tubule formation. Taken together, our results show that ETS1 and Akt control different aspects of cell motility that are integrated in the precise regulation of vascular tubule formation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".