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Record W2093267447 · doi:10.1350/enlr.2009.11.4.064

Clone Wars? The Challenges of Cloned Food in EU, US and WTO Law

2009· article· en· W2093267447 on OpenAlexaff
Ludivine Petetin

Bibliographic record

VenueEnvironmental Law Review · 2009
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicWorld Trade Organization Law
Canadian institutionsCentre for International Governance Innovation
Fundersnot available
KeywordsBusinessConsumer protectionFood safetyLabellingSettlement (finance)Product (mathematics)LegislatureFood productsInternational tradeLawLaw and economicsEconomicsPolitical scienceCommerceBiologyFood scienceFinance

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Following the recent ‘green light’ from the FDA in the US and from the EFSA in the EU, cloned meat and milk may soon arrive on food shelves. Yet evidence suggests that consumers remain apprehensive about eating such food, for reasons which stand outside the scientific community (including ethical and moral issues). These consumer concerns may be hard to accommodate. Not least, in the US no labelling will be required. Although a more restrictive legislative approach is envisaged in the EU, this could trigger a WTO dispute. If the Dispute Settlement Body of the WTO declared cloned and conventional foods to be ‘like products’, commercial advantages for the US would ensue, as cloned products would be allowed to be sold onto the markets with no labelling, creating one market combining conventional and cloned foods. In particular, the application of the principle of non-discrimination could oblige the EU to remove any labelling of cloned products. On the other hand, consumer preferences are a factor to be considered in any ‘like product’ determination and it may be that the consumer hostility towards cloned food in the EU may prove decisive.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.993
Threshold uncertainty score0.301

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.017
GPT teacher head0.253
Teacher spread0.235 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designTheoretical or conceptual
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations3
Published2009
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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