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Record W2093329207 · doi:10.1159/000026115

The Etiology of Female Breast Cancer

2000· article· en· W2093329207 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueMedical Principles and Practice · 2000
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicCancer Risks and Factors
Canadian institutionsMcGill UniversityJewish General Hospital
Fundersnot available
KeywordsMedicineBreast cancerMenarcheTobacco smokePregnancyFamily historyOffspringRisk factors for breast cancerCancerEtiologyMenopausePhysiologyOncologyGynecologyInternal medicineEnvironmental healthGenetics

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Considerable knowledge has been acquired about the determinants of female breast cancer. A positive family history among first-degree relatives is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer, as is a past history of benign proliferative breast disease. Risk increases with decreasing age at menarche, and with increasing age at first full term pregnancy and at menopause. Pregnancy is followed by a short-term increase in risk, followed by a long-term decrease. Risk increases with age. Evidence that environmental determinants are involved comes from the study of migrant populations: migrants assume the risk of breast cancer prevalent in their new environment, arguing against the hypothesis that risk is determined solely by genetic mechanisms. The best understood environmental determinant is ionizing radiation: it increases risk in a dose-dependent fashion. While ecologic studies of diet supported the hypothesis that high fat intake increases risk, cohort and case-control studies have yielded conflicting evidence, casting doubt on this hypothesis. However, weight gain during adult life is associated with an increased risk. Some drugs increase risk, specifically exogenous oestrogens and ethanol. The anti-oestrogen tamoxifen reduces risk. Recent evidence shows that both passive and active exposure to tobacco smoke is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. Some women may be more susceptible to the effects of tobacco smoke on a genetic basis. Undoubtedly, other environmental determinants of breast cancer will be discovered.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Other design · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.963
Threshold uncertainty score0.997

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0040.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.035
GPT teacher head0.365
Teacher spread0.330 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it