Endothelin-A-Receptor Blockade Improves Renal Function and Doubles the Lifespan of Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study assessed whether the orally active endothelin-A- (ETA) receptor antagonist, BMS 182874 (BMS), affects systolic blood pressure (SBP), renal function and survival in salt-loaded stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSPs). Eight-week-old male and female SHRSPs were given a high-salt diet (4% NaCl) (n = 6/group). The treatment groups (n = 6/group), also on a high-salt diet, were administered BMS (40 mg/kg/day) which was mixed in the food. In untreated SHRSPs, mean survival was 136 days (range 96-194 days) in males, and 98 days (range 74-112 days) in females. Treatment with BMS increased survival to 223 days in males (range 129-280 days, p <0.01 vs controls) and 156 days (range 124-180, p < 0.05 vs controls) in females. SBP increased to approximately 240 mmHg in all groups. BMS had no effect on SBP in females and a small, but significant (p < 0.05), SBP-lowering effect in males. In control rats, severe renal disease was evident at 16 weeks (proteinuria, 161 +/- 1.3 mg/day). In the treated group, development of proteinuria was significantly delayed (13 +/- 0.5 mg/day at 16 weeks). In conclusion ETA-receptor antagonism prolongs survival and improves renal status, but has little effect on the progression of hypertension. These data suggest that interruption of the endothelin (ET) system by blockade of ETA-receptors may achieve protection from target-organ damage despite lack of a reduction in blood pressure.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".