Effect of Hexanal Vapor on Spore Viability of <i>Penicillium expansum</i> , Lesion Development on Whole Apples and Fruit Volatile Biosynthesis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT: The effects of hexanal vapor on spore viability of Penicillium expansum , lesion development on whole apple fruit, and flavor volatile biosynthesis were investigated. Spore viability was reduced by 94% after exposure to a hexanal concentration of 40 μmol/L for 24 h, compared with 50% at 18 μmol/L and 20% at 9 μmol/L. Decay on whole apple fruit inoculated with 5 × 10 4 spores/mL of P. expansum was reduced with exposure to hexanal vapor for 48 h. Although almost all of the fruit treated with 8 to 12 jmiol/L developed decay lesions, lesion size was reduced compared with the controls. At concentrations of 15 to 19 μmol/L, and 25 to 29 μmol/L, the incidence of fruit with lesions was 44% and 24%, respectively, compared with 100% and 98% in the inoculated control apples and lesion size was further reduced. Apples treated at 4°C with only 5 to 7 jimol/L hexanal vapor also showed a marked reduction in lesion incidence. Hexanal was rapidly converted to high levels of the aroma volatiles hexanol, hexylacetate, hexylbutanoate, and hexylhexanoate, but these decreased to levels similar to the control after 4 to 7 d of being held in air. There was no detectable hexanal after holding fruit in air for 5 h.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".