Nonparametric Demand Forecasting and Detection of Energy Aware Consumers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
To increase the reliability of the power grid and reduce the risk of power supply failure, demand-side management (DSM) is of central importance. In this paper, a nonparametric test is applied to detect if the demand behavior of consumers is consistent with time-of-day electricity tariff initiatives. The test is based on Afriat's theorem in economics and has the unique feature that it provides necessary and sufficient conditions to detect if the price-demand behavior is consistent with utility maximization (i.e., the test detects demand-responsive consumers) without prior knowledge of the consumer's utility function. For consumers that are responsive to time-of-day pricing initiatives, a nonparametric learning algorithm is used to forecast power demands for unobserved electricity tariffs. The nonparametric learning algorithm can be used in anticipatory control structures in a DSM framework to achieve power usage objectives. Real-world data from Ontario's power system and numerical examples illustrate the accuracy of the nonparametric test and nonparametric learning algorithm for forecasting consumer demand.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.014 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".