First report of <i>Coleus blumei</i> viroid from coleus in China
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Viroids have been found in coleus in Brazil, Germany, Canada and Japan. Since coleus is a common ornamental plant in China, plants were examined for viroid infection. In January 2005, 11 symptomless plants of Coleus blumei cv. Wizard, pink, scarlet or purple in colour, were purchased from Huaxiang flower market in Haidian district in Beijing. Low-molecular-weight RNAs were extracted (Li et al., 1995) and were identified as Coleus blumei viroid (CbVd). All of the samples were CbVd-positive by return-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (Return-PAGE) and dot-blot hybridization using a digoxigenin-labelled CbVd RNA probe (Ishiguro et al., 1996). A 254-bp DNA fragment was amplified from all the samples by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using forward (5′-TGGATCCAGC GCTGCAACGGAATCCA-3′) and reverse (5′-TTGGATCCGCCAGGGAACCCAGGTAAG-3′) primers, based on the first reported sequence of CbVd1 (GenBank accession X52960; Spieker et al., 1990). To confirm the sequence of the primer regions, an additional set of primers, forward (5′-TTGGATCCTCCTGGTTCGCTGACCCG-3′) and reverse (5′-TTGGATCCCC TTTGCAATCGCTCGCG-3′), were also used for RT-PCR. The amplified products from five of the 11 coleus samples were digested with BamHI (the underlined sequence in the primers) and cloned into BamHI site of pGEM3zf(+) (Promega) for sequencing. Alignment of five sequences (GenBank DQ178395-178399) showed 99·2, 99·2, 98, 97·6 and 98·4% identity to CbVd1 accession X52960, and 87·6, 88·0, 85·6, 85·2 and 86·0% to a tentative member CbVd1-RG (Spieker, 1996), respectively. Further investigations were carried out in October 2005, with 25 out of the 27 samples from 14 coleus producers in Beijing and Tianjin found to be infected with viroid using return-PAGE analysis. These results indicated that coleus in commercial markets in Beijing and Tianjin, China, are highly infected with CbVd1. These results stress the need for a certification programme to help control the spread of flower viroids in China.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it