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New species of Picea A. Dietrich (Pinaceae) from the middle Eocene of Axel Heiberg Island, Arctic Canada

2001· article· en· W2094257321 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueBotanical Journal of the Linnean Society · 2001
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldAgricultural and Biological Sciences
TopicPlant Diversity and Evolution
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsBractBiologyPinaceaeGenusExtant taxonArcticTaxonMorphology (biology)BotanyPaleontologyPhylogenetic treePhylogeneticsFossil RecordEvolutionary biologyZoologyEcology

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

The discovery of several hundred fertile and vegetative remains of three new species of Picea A. Dietrich (P. suerdrupii, P. nansenii, P. palustris) from the middle Eocene (45 Myr) sediments of the Buchanan Lake Formation on eastern Axel Heiberg Island, Canadian High Arctic provides a basis for re-assessment of the fossil record of the genus and evaluation of the morphological variability in this taxon. The identification and classification of extant Picea is based on a whole-tree concept that in turn is based on the importance of one or more of the following features: cross-sectional shape of the leaves; degree of pubescence of the twigs; arrangement of the stomata on the leaves; colour of the leaves and new growth shoots; length and shape of the cones; shape and degree of pubescence of the buds; and cone-scale morphology. However, the degree of intraspecific variability of these characters is poorly understood and has contributed a great deal towards our general inability to interpret reliably the evolutionary history and phylogenetic relationships within the genus. Examination of the bracts of the Axel Heiberg spruces and all extant species of Picea indicates that bract morphology is distinctive for each species and useful for species circumscription. These data allow the genus to be divided into two broad morphological groups that are in general agreement with topologies based on molecular data.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.443
Threshold uncertainty score0.932

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.030
GPT teacher head0.176
Teacher spread0.147 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it