Clusterin knockdown using the antisense oligonucleotide OGX‐011 re‐sensitizes docetaxel‐refractory prostate cancer PC‐3 cells to chemotherapy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To characterize changes in secretory clusterin (sCLU) expression in prostate cancer cells after treatment with docetaxel and to determine whether sCLU knockdown can re-introduce chemosensitivity in a docetaxel-resistant, androgen-independent human prostate cancer model. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A tissue microarray was constructed for 84 radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens from a multicentre Phase II trial of neoadjuvant combined androgen ablation and docetaxel (CUOG-P01a) and assessed for changes in the expression of the cytoprotective chaperone sCLU. The human prostate cancer cell line PC-3 was repeatedly exposed to docetaxel chemotherapy in vitro, and a docetaxel-resistant cell subline (PC-3dR) was developed and analysed. RESULTS: sCLU levels were significantly higher in RP specimens treated with neoadjuvant combined androgen ablation and docetaxel than in untreated specimens. Similarly, sCLU expression increased 2.5-fold in the newly developed docetaxel-refractory PC-3dR cell line compared with parental PC-3 cells. There was a dose-dependent and sequence-specific decrease in sCLU levels in PC-3dR cells using OGX-011, an antisense oligonucleotide against human sCLU. OGX-011 and small-interference RNA both chemosensitized PC-3dR cells to docetaxel and mitoxantrone in vitro and apoptotic rates in PC-3dR cells were significantly increased when OGX-011 was combined with docetaxel. In vivo, growth of PC-3dR xenografts in nude mice was synergistically inhibited by OGX-011 combined with paclitaxel or mitoxantrone (by 76% and 44% compared with their mismatch controls, respectively). CONCLUSION: The present findings indicate that targeted knockdown of sCLU enhances the effects of cytotoxic chemotherapy in docetaxel-refractory cells, and provide preclinical proof of principle for clinical trials testing OGX-011 in second-line chemotherapy regimens for patients with docetaxel-refractory prostate cancer.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".