GLI2 Is a Potential Therapeutic Target in Pediatric Medulloblastoma
Bibliographic record
Abstract
To determine whether the zinc finger transcription factors GLI1 to GLI3 and suppressor of fused (SUFU) components of the Sonic hedgehog signaling pathway may be prognostic markers and potential therapeutic targets in pediatric medulloblastoma (MB), we investigated the relationship of the expression of these proteins to prognosis in the MB of 124 patients who had undergone surgery at the Hospital for Sick Children (Toronto, Ontario, Canada). The expressions of GLI1 (p = 0.011) and GLI2 (p = 0.003), but not of GLI3 (p = 0.774) or SUFU (p = 0.137), in the MB were associated with a worse overall survival by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Overall survival of patients positive for GLI1 and GLI2 was 6.01 ± 0.85 years and 5.27 ± 1.44 years, respectively, versus 10.11 ± 1.52 years and 10.18 ± 0.22 years for patients negative for GLI1 and GLI2, respectively. Knockdown of GLI2 in 3 MB cell lines resulted in decreased cell number and viability, as determined by the MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay; knockdown of GLI1 had no effect. The decrease in cell number with GLI2 knockdown was caused by G0 cell cycle arrest; there was no induction of apoptosis. These results suggest that targeting the Sonic hedgehog pathway in positive patients may be a useful adjuvant therapeutic strategy for MB.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".