Nanohole-Enhanced Raman Scattering
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Periodic arrays of sub-wavelength apertures (nanoholes) in ultrathin Au films were used as substrates for enhanced-Raman spectroscopy in the optical range. Nanohole-enhanced (resonance) Raman scattering from oxazine 720 (oxa) adsorbed on arrays of different periodicities (distance between the center of the holes) was obtained. The overall Raman intensity of the adsorbed molecule was dependent on the periodicity of these arrays. The enhancement factor reached a maximum for the array that presented the largest transmission at the excitation wavelength of the laser. This shows that the enhancement of the Raman signal is provided by surface plasmon (SP) modes excited at the array of nanoholes. SP excitations lead to spatial localization of the electromagnetic fields in nanometric regions close to the surface. This field localization, allied to the unique vibrational signature of the Raman scattering and the simplified optical arrangement from the transmission optics, suggests that arrays of nanoholes should be useful for the fabrication of dense biochips for the detection of Raman-labeled analytes with high sensitivity and selectivity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".