PeV-EeV neutrinos from GRB blast waves in IceCube and future neutrino telescopes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs), if accelerated in the gamma-ray burst (GRB) blast wave, are expected to produce PeV-EeV neutrinos by interacting with long-lived GRB afterglow photons. Detailed spectral and temporal properties of the flux of these neutrinos depend on the GRB blast wave evolution scenario, but can last for days to years time scale in contrast to the seconds to minutes time scale for ``burst'' neutrino flux contemporaneous with the prompt gamma-ray emission and which has been constrained by IceCube in the $\ensuremath{\sim}50\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{TeV}\ensuremath{-}2\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{PeV}$ range. We compute expected neutrino events in IceCube in the PeV-EeV range from the blast wave of long-duration GRBs, both for the diffuse flux and for individual GRBs in the nearby universe. We show that IceCube will be able to detect the diffuse GRB blast wave neutrino flux after 5 years in operation, and will be able to distinguish it from the cosmogenic neutrino flux arising from the Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin process in case the ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays are heavy nuclei. We also show that EeV neutrinos from the blast wave of an individual GRB can be detected with long-term monitoring by a future high-energy extension of IceCube for redshift up to $z\ensuremath{\sim}0.5$.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".