Dietary intake of vitamin D during adolescence and risk of adult‐onset systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Vitamin D has immunomodulatory properties with potential etiologic implications for autoimmune diseases. The relevant exposure time during which vitamin D may influence disease risk is unknown. Our objective was to examine the relationship between reported vitamin D intake during adolescence and adult-onset rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) incidence in prospective cohort studies of women, the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and the Nurses' Health Study II (NHSII). METHODS: Food frequency questionnaires concerning high school diet completed by 73,629 NHS (1986) and 45,544 NHSII (1998) participants were used to calculate nutrient intakes during adolescence. Incident RA and SLE cases prior to 2006 (NHS) and 2007 (NHSII) were confirmed by medical record review. Cox proportional hazards models calculated relative risks and 95% confidence intervals of incident RA and SLE according to quintile cutoffs of vitamin D intake. Age- and calorie-adjusted and multivariable-adjusted (including sun exposure factors) analyses were completed. Random-effects models were used to meta-analyze estimates of association from the 2 cohorts. RESULTS: Incident RA was confirmed in 652 NHS and 148 NHSII participants and SLE was confirmed in 122 NHS and 54 NHSII participants over a mean followup time of 351 months (NHS) and 209 months (NHSII). Age- and calorie-adjusted and multivariable-adjusted models did not show significant associations between adolescent vitamin D intake and risk of adult-onset RA or SLE. CONCLUSION: We did not find associations between adolescent dietary vitamin D intake and adult RA or SLE risk among NHS and NHSII women, suggesting that other time periods during the life course should be studied.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".