Bibliographic record
Abstract
A review of literature relevant to compact toroid (CT) injection is presented. A design is then developed for a repetitive-fire CT injection fuelling system for the ITER (2001) tokamak. Advantages of central over edge fuelling include plasma density control and higher deposition rates, implying lower tritium usage. The reference design offers 50 Pa m3 s−1 of 90%T/10%D fuelling. 1.29 mg CTs are injected at a rate of 50 Hz (in order to synchronize with the European power grid) and a speed of 300 km s−1. A new six-degree-of-freedom model of CT trajectory in the tokamak is developed and applied to the proposed injector design. The fueller is intended to work in parallel with the 400 Pa m3 s−1 edge gas puffing system and to replace the centrifuge pellet-injection system in the ITER (2001) reference design. Each injected CT adds only 0.68% to the plasma inventory, implying that the injection process will be non-disruptive. Power consumption will be approximately 15 MWe. The strengths of the design compared with the current pellet-injection system are highlighted.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".