Review of Endotracheal Intubations by Ottawa Advanced Care Paramedics in Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: In the last several years, the National Association of EMS Physicians (NAEMSP) has called for better reporting on prehospital endotracheal intubation (ETI) and has provided guidelines and tools for better systematic review. We sought to evaluate the success of prehospital, non-drug-assisted ETI performed by Ottawa advanced care paramedics (ACPs) based on those guidelines. METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted on ETI performed by Ottawa ACPs over a 25-month period to determine the overall success rate of ETI. To qualify our results, descriptive analysis was conducted on demographic data. The relationships between success rate, patient demographic data, and preintubation conditions were examined. RESULTS: Overall success rate of ACP prehospital, non-drug-assisted ETI was 82.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 79.6, 84.3), representing a decreased value in comparison with the 90.7% of the previous study (p < 0.001). The study population comprised 1,029 intubated patients, the majority being adults (98.4%), with a mean age of 65.4 years (standard deviation [SD] 18.4). ETIs were successful for 64.6% (95% CI: 61.7, 67.5) of the first attempts; 79% of successful intubations were achieved within two attempts. ETI achievement was correlated with patients' age, with patients designated as vital signs absent (VSA), with those having a preintervention Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 3, and with those who were orally intubated (p < 0.05). Gender, weight, the nature (medical and trauma) of patient types, and locations of ambulance calls were found not to be related to the overall intubation success. CONCLUSIONS: This study reported the success rate of non-drug-assisted, prehospital ETI by ACPs in the Ottawa region. Our findings emphasize the importance of quality assessment for individual emergency medical services systems, to ensure optimum performance in ETI practice over time, and for intubation skill-retention training.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.043 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.024 | 0.041 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".