Large-Scale Shear Testing of Tire-Derived Aggregates (TDA)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper reports a large-scale direct shear testing of tire-derived aggregates (TDA) of large sizes (25 to 75 mm). TDA are pieces of processed and shredded waste tires that can be used as lightweight and quick fills for embankments, subgrades, and retaining wall backfills. A large-scale direct shear apparatus was built to obtain the shear strength of the large-sized material. The shear box dimensions were 78 cm wide, 80 cm long, and 122 cm tall. The lower shear box was driven by a hydraulic piston, while the upper shear box remained stationary. The horizontal shear forces, shear displacements, and vertical forces were recorded by an automatic data acquisition system. Four normal loads were applied on the TDA to simulate overburden pressures of 24, 48, 96, and 144 kPa (or 500, 1000, 2000, and 3000 lb/ft2). Duplicate tests were performed to verify the repeatability. Under each normal stress, the shear stress vs. deformation curve was plotted, and the maximum shear stress was obtained. Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion was developed, and the cohesion and friction angle were obtained.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".