The potential role of native weed species and bumble bees (<i>Bombus impatiens</i>) on the epidemiology of<i>Pepino mosaic virus</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Surveys of native weed species growing in and within 30 m of tomato greenhouses infected with Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) identified Solanum dulcamara (climbing nightshade), Solanum nigrum (black nightshade), and Solanum ptycanthum (eastern black nightshade) as susceptible host plants. All plants exhibited mild mosaic symptoms and virus was back-inoculated and confirmed in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). In transmission tests using both mechanical methods and bumblebees (Bombus impatiens), S. ptycanthum, Solanum sarrachoides (hairy nightshade), and Datura stramonium (jimsonweed) were infected. Weak positive assays by ELISA or DRT-PCR for Amaranthus blitoides (prostrate pigweed), Chenopodium album (lamb’s-quarters), and Plantago lanceolata (narrow-leaved plaintain) were possibly a result of either a hypersensitive localized response to infection or low level virus contamination by bees since the virus could not be recovered by back-inoculation into tomato. Bumblebees exposed to PepMV infected D. stramonium, S. ptycanthum, and S. sarrachoides successfully transmitted the virus back into the tomato. No over wintering perennial weed species were found to be natural hosts of PepMV, and build up of inoculum in the field is unlikely. Weeds do not appear to represent a significant role in the epidemiology of this disease in Ontario.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".