Thallium-DNA Complexes in Aqueous Solution. Major or Minor groove Binding
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Thallium (Tl) binds to the major and minor grooves of B-DNA in the solid state (Howerton et al., Biochemistry 40, 10023-10031, 2001). The aim of this study was to examine the binding of Tl(I) cation with calf-thymus DNA in aqueous solution at physiological pH, using constant concentration of DNA (12.5 mM) and various concentrations of metal ions (0.5 to 20 mM). UV-visible and FTIR spectroscopic methods were used to determine the cation binding site, the binding constant and DNA structural variations in aqueous solution. Direct Tl bindings to guanine and thymine were evident by major spectral changes of DNA bases with overall binding constant of K = 1.40 x 10(4) M(-1) and little perturbations of the backbone phosphate group. Both major and minor groove bindings were observed with no alteration of the B-DNA conformation. At low metal concentration (0.5 mM), the number of cations bound were 10 per 1000 nucleotides, while at higher cation concentration (10 mM), this increased to 30 cations per 1000 nucleotides.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it