Increased Frequency of HLA A2/DR4 and A2/DR8 Haplotypes in Young Saskatchewan Aboriginal People with Diabetic End-Stage Renal Disease
Bibliographic record
Abstract
AIMS: To determine the association of HLA with diabetic end-stage renal disease (DESRD) in Saskatchewan aboriginal people. METHODS: This was a retrospective study of HLA profiles in four groups of Saskatchewan residents with ESRD diagnosed from 1980 to 1998: aboriginal people with and without DESRD, and non-aboriginal people with and without DESRD. The aboriginal DESRD group was also subdivided into those <or=50 and >50 years of age. Frequencies of individual and combinations of HLA antigens were compared between groups and subgroups. RESULTS: HLA data were available for 634 subjects. Young aboriginal people with DESRD had a higher frequency of HLA-A2 than older AB DESRD subjects (69 vs. 36%; p = 0.03), and of HLA-DR4 and/or DR8 compared to older AB DESRD subjects (91 vs. 68%; p = 0.07) and AB non-DESRD subjects (91 vs. 67%; p = 0.03). Over 65% of young AB DESRD subjects had either an A2/DR4 or A2/DR8 haplotype (odds ratio 5.09 [confidence intervals 1.35, 20.15] versus older AB DESRD subjects; odds ratio 3.32 [confidence intervals 1.20, 9.3] versus AB non-DESRD subjects). Forty percent of young AB DESRD subjects were homozygous for at least one of A2, DR4 or DR8. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that DESRD in young AB subjects with T2DM has a genetic basis related to HLA.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".