The roles of calmodulin polar distribution during pollen hydration and germination
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Polarity patterning of pollen germination is a vital process for angiosperm fertilization. In our study a new method was employed to investigate the real-time distribution of calmodulin (CaM) in living pollen grains and pollen tubes. The CaMGFP fusion gene was constructed under the control of the pollen-specific promoter LAT52-7 and transformed into Nicotiana tabacum L. Through confocal laser scanning microscopy, high levels of CaM were observed to accumulate in the three germinal apertures, and a tipbase gradient of CaM was detected in elongating pollen tubes. During pollen-grain hydration and germination, one of the three germinal apertures aggregated a much higher level of CaM than the other two. In addition, CaM showed a directional migration from the cytoplasm to this germinal aperture, where the pollen tube would emerge. Interestingly, CaM was not detected in the reproductive nucleus of either pollen grains or pollen tubes. Our findings indicated that the directional migration of CaM existed during pollen hydration and germination, and this movement may play a crucial role in the normal polarity establishment of pollen germination.Key words: calmodulin, polarity, pollen grain, Nicotiana tabacum.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".