Streamwise and Crossflow Vortical Structures on Turbine Blades and Swept Cylinders
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Flow visualization on a lengthy time-average basis on the suction surface of turbine blades showed robust and consistent streamwise streaks at subsonic and transonic speeds. The normal flow past a circular cylinder is a more canonical case and testing was undertaken at high speeds on a 37.23 mm diameter cylinder and at low speeds on a 152 mm diameter cylinder. The lateral spacing between streaks on cylinders had been predicted by Kestin and Wood and the present tests gave excellent agreement with their theory. Their work on unswept circular cylinders provides a good baseline model for understanding and predicting sweep effects on cylinders and turbomachinery blading. Experiments on a circular cylinder were performed over a range of sweep angles from zero to 61°, giving results for lateral spacing and angular orientation of the streaks. At high sweep angles, the results are consistent with those of Poll. Hot wire measurements away from the surface indicate a variable flow structure in the spanwise direction with a wavelength matching that of the surface traces. The streamwise disturbance was predominantly stationary in nature and resilient, often persisting from leading edge to trailing edge. Crossflow instability becomes more significant at high sweep angles. It grows aggressively and rapidly, being predominantly of a traveling nature. The observed streaks could be of particular concern for the thermal design of turbine blades.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".