Prediction of the wetting condition from the Zeta adsorption isotherm
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We use the Zeta adsorption isotherm and propose a method for determining the conditions at which an adsorbed vapour becomes an adsorbed liquid. This isotherm does not have a singularity when vapour phase pressure, P(V), is equal to the saturation-vapour pressure, Ps, and is empirically supported by earlier studies for P(V) < Ps. We illustrate the method using water and three hydrocarbon vapours adsorbing on silica. When the Zeta isotherm is combined with Gibbsian thermodynamics, an expression for γ(SV), the surface tension of the solid-vapour interface as a function of x(V)(≡P(V)/Ps) is obtained, and it is predicted that adsorption lowers γ(SV) from the surface tension of the substrate in the absence of adsorption, γ(S0), to that at the wetting condition. The wetting hypothesis indicates that γ(SV) at wetting, x, is equal γ(LV), the surface tension of the liquid-vapour interface. For water vapour adsorbing on silica, adsorption lowers γ(SV) to γ(LV) at xVW equal unity, but for the hydrocarbons heptane, octane and toluene adsorbing on silica xVW is found to be 1.40, 1.30 and 1.32 respectively.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".