Behavioral and physiological consequences of nest predation pressure for larval fish
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Localized antipredator behaviors have been observed in a wide variety of taxa. Recent work has also shown that animals that provide parental care adjust their behavior when faced with variation in offspring predation pressure. This variation in offspring predation pressure may also influence the antipredator behavior of offspring if improved antipredator behaviors can increase their probability of survival. We tested if a natural gradient in nest predation pressure influenced antipredator behaviors of larval teleost fish (smallmouth bass, Micropterus dolomieu). We examined the predator avoidance of wild larvae from 6 populations that differed in nest predation pressure, and we also compared the recovery from a simulated predator attack of 2 populations at the opposite extremes of predation pressure. We found that larvae differed in their ability to avoid the nest predator, but larvae from lakes of low predation pressure responded similarly to larvae from lakes of high predation pressure. Generally, older offspring were not significantly better at avoiding predators relative to younger offspring, but we found a weak and significant positive correlation between the size of young offspring and their predator avoidance behavior. The recovery from a simulated predation event varied relative to predation pressure. Larvae from the site of high nest predation pressure exhibited reduced rates of maximal oxygen consumption and recovered faster than larvae from the low predation pressure site. Thus, variation in nest predation pressure had little influence on the antipredator behavior of offspring, which are provided with parental care but may have important metabolic consequences.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".