A Simple Coupled Atmosphere–Ocean–Sea Ice–Land Surface Model for Climate and Paleoclimate Studies*
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The authors develop a coupled atmosphere-ocean-sea ice-land surface model for long-term climate change studies that incorporates the seasonal cycle. Three ocean basins, the Antarctic Circumpolar Current region, and the major continents are resolved. The model variables are sectorially averaged across the different ocean basins and continents. The atmosphere is represented by an energy-moisture balance model in which the meridional energy and moisture transports are parameterized by a combination of advection and diffusion processes. The zonal heat transport between land and ocean obeys a diffusion law, while the zonal moisture transport is parameterized so that the ocean always supplies moisture to the land. The ocean model is due to Wright and Stocker, and the sea ice model is a zero-layer thermodynamic one in which the ice thickness and concentration are predicted by the methods of Semtner and Hibler, respectively. In the land surface model, the temperature is predicted by an energy budget equation, similar to Ledley's, while the soil moisture and river runoff are predicted by Manabe's bucket model.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".