Ionospheric response to the geomagnetic storm of 15 May 2005 over midlatitudes in the day and night sectors simultaneously
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The ionospheric response to the geomagnetic storm of 15 May 2005 has been studied over midlatitude stations in the dayside and nightside, simultaneously. In the day side the ionospheric response has been studied using the ground‐based GPS and ionosonde measurements from the stations POL2 and Alma‐Ata, respectively. The dayside total electron content (TEC) and foF2 variations are characterized by two well‐separated enhancements. Of which the first enhancement in both the parameters is attributed to the episode of prompt penetration electric field caused by the sudden southward turning of interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) Bz around 0600 UT. The second enhancement which was also superposed by wave like modulations has been attributed to the storm‐induced winds. The maximum peak‐to‐peak amplitude of modulation in TEC is found to be 5 TECU (total electron content unit, 1 TECU = 1016 el m−2). The enhanced plasma density observed during the daytime at midlatitudes is found to be locally produced and not transported from the equatorial ionization anomaly region because the time of enhanced plasma density at midlatitude is earlier than that observed at low latitudes. During the storm main phase, the nightside GPS observations from the midlatitude station ALGO (Algonquin Park, Canada) show moderate to large TEC fluctuations and short duration depletions that occur in a narrow latitude zone. These fluctuations and depletions in TEC have been attributed to the combined effect of storm‐induced equatorward movement of the midlatitude ionospheric trough due to the expansion of auroral oval and the storm time‐enhanced density. The maximum amplitude of the TEC depletions is found to be of the order of 20 TECU. Rate of TEC Index is also found to be high with a maximum value of 2.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".