In vivo-transmigrated human neutrophils are resistant to antiapoptotic stimulation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Neutrophils respond to microbial invasion or injury by transmigration from blood to tissue. Transmigration involves cellular activation and degranulation, resulting in altered levels of surface receptors and changed responsiveness to certain stimuli. Thus, fundamental functional changes are associated with neutrophil transmigration from blood to tissue. Neutrophils isolated from peripheral blood spontaneously enter apoptosis, a process that can be accelerated or delayed by different pro- or antiapoptotic factors. How tissue neutrophils that have transmigrated in vivo regulate cell death is poorly understood. In this study, in vivo-transmigrated neutrophils (tissue neutrophils) were collected using a skin chamber technique and compared with blood neutrophils from the same donors with respect to regulation of cell death. Skin chamber fluid contained a variety of cytokines known to activate neutrophils and regulate their lifespan. Freshly prepared tissue neutrophils had elevated activity of caspase 3/7 but were fully viable; spontaneous cell death after in vitro culture was also similar between blood and tissue neutrophils. Whereas apoptosis of cultured blood neutrophils was delayed by soluble antiapoptotic factors (e.g., TLR ligands), tissue neutrophils were completely resistant to antiapoptotic stimulation, even though receptors were present and functional. In vitro transmigration of blood neutrophils into skin chamber fluid did not fully confer resistance to antiapoptotic stimulation, indicating that a block of antiapoptotic signaling occurs specifically during in vivo transmigration. We describe a novel, functional alteration that takes place during in vivo transmigration and highlights the fact that life and death of neutrophils may be regulated differently in blood and tissue.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".