Phosphorylation of Osteopontin Peptides Mediates Adsorption to and Incorporation into Calcium Oxalate Crystals
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Phosphorylated peptides of osteopontin (OPN) have been shown to inhibit the growth of the {100} face of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM). The inhibitory potency has been shown to be dependent on the phosphate content of the peptide. The purpose of this study is to better understand the means by which phosphate groups promote crystal growth inhibition by OPN peptides. Peptides of rat bone OPN 220-235 peptides have been synthesized with zero (P0), 1 (P1) or 3 (P3) phosphate modifications. COM crystals were grown in the presence of 0.1-10 microg of P0, P1 or P3. P0 incorporation into COM crystals was evident at 10 microg/ml of peptide, whereas the phosphorylated peptides P1 and P3 were incorporated at all tested concentrations. At 5 microg/ml of P3, COM crystals exhibited a 'dumbbell' morphology. To study the peptide-mineral interaction, surface frequency plots were constructed from molecular dynamics simulations of OPN peptide adsorption. Carboxylate and phosphate groups were found to adsorb in specific orientations to the COM {100} surface. In conclusion, it appears that the phosphate groups on OPN peptides are capable of interacting with the COM {100} surface. This interaction appears to increase the adsorption energy of the peptide to the surface, thus enhancing its inhibitory potency.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it