Directional and fluctuating asymmetry in the black-winged damselfly <i>Calopteryx maculata</i> (Beauvois) (Odonata: Calopterygidae)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Directional asymmetry (DA) has received considerably less attention than fluctuating asymmetry (FA) in the literature. Evidence for DA, however, is building among insect taxa. We examined asymmetries in two wing traits within both sexes of the damselfly Calopteryx maculata (Beauvois) (Odonata: Calopterygidae) sampled from three sites in southeastern Ontario. After accounting for measurement error, we show that proximal segments within right fore and hind wings are consistently longer than those in the left in all but one sample group. Full wing lengths, however, exhibited FA rather than DA. Mean asymmetry values for both traits (segment and length) occurred in the direction of right-wingedness significantly more often than expected by chance. Patterns of asymmetry were generally consistent among the sexes and sites, although males tended to exhibit more pronounced DA. We suggest that the wings of C. maculata may undergo compensatory development, so that full lengths are more bilaterally symmetrical than their component parts.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".