Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this article, we present examples of tax-distorted general equilibrium economies in which equilibria are unique in the absence of taxes, but taxes generate multiplicity when introduced over a range of tax rates. We also provide converse examples of economies with multiple no-tax equilibria, but where taxes when introduced induce uniqueness. Both Foster and Sonnenschein (1970 Foster, E. and Sonnenschein, H. 1970. Price distortion and economic welfare. Econometrica, 38: 281–97. [Google Scholar]) and Kehoe (1985 Kehoe, T. J. 1985. The comparative statics properties of tax models. Canadian Journal of Economics, 18: 314–34. [Google Scholar]) discussed the possibility of tax-induced multiplicity. Here, we show how in 2-individual 2-good pure exchange economies with Constant Elasticity of Substitution/Linear Expenditure System (CES/LES) preferences such cases can occur. We also provide ranges of consumption tax rates over which these cases can occur for alternative parameterizations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".