Roscoe and Hvorslev Surfaces for Unsaturated Silty Soil
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The existence and characteristics of Roscoe and Hvorslev state boundary surfaces for unsaturated silty soil have been investigated by conducting controlled-suction triaxial tests on samples of an unsaturated compacted silty soil. The experimental tests were performed in a specially designed double-walled Bishop and Wesley triaxial apparatus. In the experiments, the soil samples were subjected to isotropic consolidation to a virgin state (under constant suction) followed by unloading to a predefined overconsolidation ratio (OCR). The Roscoe and Hvorslev state boundary surfaces for the unsaturated soil were studied by performing drained triaxial shearing tests on the samples with specified OCRs. The results show that the Roscoe and Hvorslev surfaces also exist for unsaturated silty soil. The location of these surfaces in the normalized space (q/pe′):(pnet/pe′) is dependent on the suction. The Roscoe surface shrinks and expands with decreasing and increasing suction, and the Hvorslev surfaces are nearly parallel for different suctions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".