Incomplete distal renal tubular acidosis affects growth in children
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Incomplete distal renal tubular acidosis (idRTA) is recognized as an underlying aetiology in recurrent nephrolithiasis. Until the recently reported high prevalence of idRTA in adults with osteoporosis, the effect of idRTA on skeletal parameters was not known. We hypothesize that idRTA has a potential to affect height in the paediatric population. METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, the children with posterior urethral valves (PUV), with normal estimated glomerular filtration rates, were evaluated for idRTA and complete dRTA. The idRTA evaluation was done by short ammonium chloride acidification test. The height standard deviation scores (SDS) in the idRTA group were compared with PUV children without dRTA, with complete dRTA, and to age and gender matched controls with no renal issue (n = 50). RESULTS: The idRTA group (n = 17) manifested a significantly lower mean height SDS (-1.94 +/- 0.41 vs -0.46 +/- 0.28; P < 0.001) and a higher short stature prevalence (height SDS below 2) (18% vs 0; P = 0.06) as compared with those without dRTA (n = 23). The matched controls showed a significantly higher height SDS as compared with the idRTA group (-0.39 +/- 0.25 vs -1.94 +/- 0.41; P < 0.001). As compared with the complete dRTA group (n = 9), the children with idRTA did have significantly higher height SDS (-1.94 +/- 0.41 vs -5.31 +/- 1.95; P = 0.002), and a lower short stature prevalence (18% vs 78%; P = 0.001). On multivariate analysis, dRTA was significantly associated with the height SDS (= -0.88; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Incomplete dRTA affects height in children. This observation needs validation in longitudinal studies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".