Mechanisms underlying reduced expulsion of a murine nematode infection during protein deficiency
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Balb/c mice infected with the gastrointestinal nematode Heligmosomoides bakeri were fed protein sufficient (PS, 24%) or deficient (PD, 3%) diets to investigate whether diet, infection or dose of larval challenge (0, 100 or 200 larvae) influenced gut pathophysiology and inflammation. Among the PS mice, worms were more posteriorad in the intestine of mice infected with 200 compared with 100 larvae, suggesting active expulsion in the more heavily infected mice. This was consistent with the positive correlation between worm numbers and fluid leakage in PS mice; similar patterns were not detected in the PD mice. Infection also induced villus atrophy, which was more pronounced in PS than in PD mice. Our cytokine screening array indicated that infection in PD mice elevated a wide range of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Whereas serum leptin concentrations were higher in PD mice, monocyte chemotactic protein-5 (MCP-5) in serum increased with increasing larval dose and concentrations were lower in PD than PS mice. We suggest that elevated MCP-5 together with villus atrophy may contribute to the apparent dose-dependent expulsion of H. bakeri from PS mice but that delayed expulsion in PD mice appeared related to a predominant Th1 cytokine profile that may be driven by leptin.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".