Changes in Lung Function and Airway Inflammation Among Asthmatic Children Residing in a Woodsmoke-Impacted Urban Area
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ryan W. Allena, Therese Marb, Jane Koenigb, L.-J. Sally Liubc, Timothy Gouldd, Christopher Simpsonb & Timothy Larsonda Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canadab Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USAc Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerlandd Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USASimon Fraser University, Faculty of Health Sciences, 2122 East Academic Annex, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, CanadaFine particulate matter (PM2.5) is associated with respiratory effects, and asthmatic children are especially sensitive. Preliminary evidence suggests that combustion-derived particles play an important role. Our objective was to evaluate effect estimates from different PM2.5 exposure metrics in relation to airway inflammation and lung function among children residing in woodsmoke-impacted areas of Seattle. Nineteen children (ages 6–13 yr) with asthma were monitored during the heating season. We measured 24-h outdoor and personal concentrations of PM2.5 and light-absorbing carbon (LAC). Levoglucosan (LG), a marker of woodsmoke, was also measured outdoors. We partitioned PM2.5 exposure into its ambient-generated (Eag) and nonambient (Ena) components. These exposure metrics were evaluated in relation to daily changes in exhaled nitric oxide (FENO), a marker of airway inflammation, and four lung function measures: midexpiratory flow (MEF), peak expiratory flow (PEF), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), and forced vital capacity (FVC). Eag, but not Ena, was correlated with combustion markers. Significant associations with respiratory health were seen only among participants not using inhaled corticosteroids. Increases in FENO were associated with personal PM2.5, personal LAC, and Eag but not with ambient PM2.5 or its combustion markers. In contrast, MEF and PEF decrements were associated with ambient PM2.5, its combustion markers, and Eag, but not with personal PM2.5 or personal LAC. FEV1 was associated only with ambient LG. Our results suggest that lung function may be especially sensitive to the combustion-generated component of ambient PM2.5, whereas airway inflammation may be more closely related to some other constituent of the ambient PM2.5 mixture.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".