The effect of sex on humanin levels in healthy adults and patients with uncomplicated type 1 diabetes mellitus
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with a loss of renal and vascular protection in women compared with men, but the responsible mechanisms are unclear. Recent experimental work implicated humanin (HN) as a novel cytoprotective hormone in DM. Our goal was to measure sex-related differences in HN levels in uncomplicated type 1 DM patients (T1D) and healthy controls (HC), as well as the interaction between HN, circulating neurohormones, and vascular function. Plasma HN, cGMP and aldosterone, blood pressure (BP), glomerular filtration rate, and effective renal plasma flow (inulin and para-aminohippurate) were measured in HC (11 men, 10 women) and T1D (23 men and 18 women) during clamped euglycemia (4-6 mmol·L(-1)). Plasma HN levels were generally lower in HC men by comparison with the women, but the differences were not statistically significant. In contrast, levels in the T1D men were higher compared with the T1D women (p = 0.026) and HC men (p < 0.0001). In the HC men, but not the women, HN correlated negatively with BP, but not with renal function, cGMP, or aldosterone. In the T1D men, HN negatively correlated with plasma cGMP. In the T1D women, HN did not correlate with neurohormones or vascular function. Future work should determine the role of HN in the pathogenesis of sex-related vascular function differences in DM.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".