Assessment of the processes controlling the seasonal variations of dissolved inorganic carbon in the North Sea
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We used a seasonal North Sea data set comprising dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), partial pressure of CO 2 ( p CO 2 ), and inorganic nutrients to assess the abiotic and biological processes governing the monthly variations of DIC. During winter, advection and air‐sea exchange of CO 2 control and increase the DIC content in the surface and deeper layers of the northern and central North Sea, with the atmosphere supplying CO 2 on the order of 0.2 mol C m −2 month −1 to these areas. From February to July, net community production (NCP) controls the seasonal variations of DIC in the surface waters of the entire North Sea, with a net uptake ranging from 0.5 to 1.4 mol C m −2 month −1 . During the August‐December period, NCP controls the seasonal variations of DIC in the southern North Sea, with a net release ranging from 0.5 to 0.8 mol C m −2 month −1 . Similarly, during the April‐August period in the deeper layer of the northern North Sea, the NCP was the main factor controlling DIC concentrations, with a net release ranging from 0.5 to 5.5 mol C m −2 month −1 . In the surface layer of the North Sea, NCP on the basis of DIC was 4.3 ± 0.4 mol C m −2 yr −1 , whereas, NCP on the basis of nitrate was 1.6 ± 0.2 mol C m −2 yr −1 . Under nutrient‐depleted conditions, preferential recycling (extracellular) of nutrients and intracellular mechanisms occurred and were responsible for the non‐Redfield uptake of DIC versus nitrate and phosphate.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".